The Neufeld Scientific Research Centre

The assumption that every human brain is equipped to defend against a vulnerability too much to bear:

• Freud, S. (1901). Psychopathology of Everyday Life, W. W. Norton & Company
• Van der Kolk, B. (2014). The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind and Body in the Healing of Trauma. Penguin Random House, NY, NY
• Maslow, A. (1968). Toward a Psychology of Being, (1st edition, 1962; 2nd edition, 1968)
• LeDoux, J. (1996). The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life, Touchstone, Rockefeller Centre, NY, NY.

• Clarke, A. J. (1998). Defense Mechanisms in Counseling Process. Sage Publications.

1. Emotional defense:

• Freud, S. (1901). Psychopathology of Everyday Life, W. W. Norton & Company.
• James, W. 1884. ‘What is an Emotion?’, Mind 9 (34), pp. 188-205.
• Schore, A. (1994).  Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self: The Neurobiology of Emotional Development.  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates

2. Perceptual defense:

• Ramachandran, V.S. and Blakeslee, S. (1998). Phantoms of in the Brain – probing the mysteries of the human mind. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.
• Rank, O. (1929-31). Will Therapy. W. W. Norton (1978)

3. Attachment defense:

• Bowlby, J. (1973). Separation: Anxiety & Anger. Attachment and Loss (vol. 2); (International psycho-analytical library no.95). London: Hogarth Press. 
• Bowlby, J. (1980). Loss: Sadness & Depression. Attachment and Loss (vol. 3); (International psycho-analytical library no.109). London: Hogarth Press.
• Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment, Second Edition, Basic Books, 
• Rutter, M. (1971). Parent-child separation: psychological effects on the children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 12, 233 – 256.

   

Factors that lead some children to be more vulnerable than others:

• Rank, O. (1929-31). Will Therapy. W. W. Norton (1978).
• Ellis, B., et al. (2011). Differential susceptibility to the environment: An evolutionary–neurodevelopmental theory Development and Psychopathology 23, 7–28 # Cambridge University Press.
• Werner. E and Smith, R. (1992). “Overcoming the Odds – High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood. New York: Cornell University Press.

• Clarke, A. J. (1998). Defense Mechanisms in Counseling Process. Sage Publications

The impact of defendedness on learning and behaviour is reviewed:

• Ellis, B., et al. (2011). Differential susceptibility to the environment: An evolutionary–neurodevelopmental theory. Development and Psychopathology 23, 7–28. Cambridge University Press.

   

Vulnerability, defendedness and maturation:

• Schore, A. (1994).  Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self: The Neurobiology of Emotional Development.  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
• Ramachandran, V.S. and Blakeslee, S. (1998). Phantoms of in the Brain – probing the mysteries of the human mind. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.

• Werner. E and Smith, R. (1992). “Overcoming the Odds – High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood. New York: Cornell University Press.